Research Ethics

Human Subject Research

Ethical Approval

For studies involving human subjects or samples, authors must provide an Ethical Approval statement in the Declarations section of the manuscript. This statement should confirm that the study was approved by an institutional ethics committee and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Authors should ensure that the study followed the approved protocol and adheres to recognized research standards.

Consent to Participate

When human subjects are involved, authors must obtain written informed consent to participate. The authors should provide a statement confirming that informed consent was obtained, archived, and can be made available upon request.

Consent to Publication

For studies involving privacy-sensitive issues, such as the inclusion of personal details in images or videos, authors must also obtain consent to publication from the participants. Authors should confirm that written consent was obtained, archived, and can be made available upon request.

Animal Research

Any research involving animals must be approved by an animal care and use committee. The study should be conducted according to the approved protocol and follow acceptable research standards for animal experimentation. Authors must provide an ethical statement at the end of their manuscript, confirming that the study was approved by an institutional animal care and use committee.